@ARTICLE{Li_M._Global_2011, author={Li, M. and Lowther, D.}, volume={vol. 60}, number={No 4 December}, journal={Archives of Electrical Engineering}, pages={459-471}, howpublished={online}, year={2011}, publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences}, abstract={Accurate force and torque calculations are fundamental to being able to predict the operation of an electromechanical device or system. The Maxwell stress tensor and the virtual work principle are the two major theories for force and torque calculation. However, if local distributions of torque are needed to couple to structural and vibration analyses, the conventional Maxwell stress approach cannot provide this easily. A recently developed approach based on sensitivity analysis has the capability to deliver local stress and torque as well as accurate global results. In addition, this approach divides the total torque into different components which are essential to the design of electrical devices. This paper includes several numerical examples of torque calculations of different electrical machines. The results are verified by a commercial software package using the Maxwell stress based force calculation.}, type={Artykuły / Articles}, title={Global and distributed torque calculations using the CDSA approach}, URL={http://so.czasopisma.pan.pl/Content/84583/PDF/06_paper.pdf}, doi={10.2478/v10171-011-0038-z}, keywords={torque calculation, distributed torques, sensitivity analysis, electrical machines}, }